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Study on Snowmelt Runoff Under Climate Change Effect in Tianshan Mountain in China

A major proportion of discharge in the Juntanghu river basin is contributed by its glacier-fed river and snow catchments situated in northern mid-slope of Tianshan Mountain, Northwest China. The Mann-Kendall trend test based on the 50 years data (1961 to 2011) were used for analysis of the climate change trends and the application of the SWAT model under different climate change scenarios show that watershed hydrological cycle would alter under different climatic scenarios. This suggests that the reservoirs will be necessary for large flow storage to meet the need of the flood control, water supply, etc.

Meng Xian-yong, Ji Xiao-nan, Liu Zhi-hui, Chen Xi and Fang Shi-feng

Adsorption Studies on the Removal of Chromium (VI) from Wastewater Using Activated Carbon Derived from Water Hyacinth

In this study, Cr(VI) is removed from Wastewater using activated carbon derived from water hyacinth as an unconventional adsorbent. The aquatic plants commonly referred as aquatic weeds found in rivers, lakes and water logged areas pose a number of problems in water resource utilization. This work deals with one such weed “water hyacinth” which was selected to prepare activated carbon. The physical and chemical characteristics of the activated carbon prepared were determined. The study determines the parameters that influence adsorption process such as pH, initial metal ion concentration, contact time and adsorbent dosage. The suitability of Freundlich and Langmuir models was investigated for each chromium sorbent system. The Lagergren’s constants were calculated for different initial concentrations of metal ions.

P. Santhosh and C. Dhandapani

Environmental Economic Dynamic Dispatch Modelling and Simulation Including Wind Farms

Large-scale integration of wind power has brought profound challenge to traditional power generation dispatch. It becomes necessary to effectively coordinate the operation of wind power and traditional power sources. Traditional economic dispatch to minimize the fuel cost no longer meets the need for environmental protection when emission reduction is mandatory. Based on the optimal dispatch in traditional power system, the concept of “energy-environmental efficiency” was introduced to modify the optimal dispatch model in wind power integrated system, and the multi-objective optimal dispatch model was proposed on the basis of comprehensively considering the minimum of the resource consumption, the best energy-environmental efficiency and the highest system stability. A hybrid particle swarm and simulated annealing optimization algorithm with fuzzy technology was presented to solve the optimization model. Compared with traditional economic dispatch, the model proposed in this paper is reasonable and can better protect the ecological environment.

Yuhong Zhao, Yunhui Zhang and Jinyun Guang

Study of Algae from Freshwater Reservoirs of Warangal (A.P), India

A total of 105 algal members were reported from two freshwater reservoirs of Warangal (A.P.) including phytoplanktonic and euplanktonic algae belonging to 71 genera, in which 21 Cyanophyceae, 28 Chlorophyceae, 18 Bacillariophyceae and 4 Euglenophyceae genera were identified. Waddepally reservoir was observed with 67 species followed by Bhadrakali reservoir with 83 species of algae under investigation. This is a first report of freshwater algae from Warangal, as the previous reports were related to only Cyanophyceae from paddy fields and wet soil samples.

B. Kumaraswamy, L. Dup Singh, M. Ramesh Babu and B. Digamber Rao

Study on the Molecular Weight Distribution in Ganjiang River

Using the method of ultrafiltration, the raw water of the Nanchang section of Ganjiang River and the water after conventional treatment was estimated to determine the molecular weight distribution. The results showed that the raw water of Ganjiang River has a molecular weight distribution with large edges and small middle parts, which meant that the organic matter of the water mainly centralized in a scope where the molecules were larger than 30ku or less than 1ku, and the middle size matter occupied a relatively small proportion. In winter low-water season, there was little organic matter in the river and the small organic matter molecules played the dominant role. Meanwhile, in the season of high-water, the amount of organic matter increased, whereas the small organic matter molecules decreased and the large organic matter molecules became dominant. The ordinary water purifying process of Nanchang city was just to remove the large molecules of the organic matter mainly, which led to an unsatisfying result where the small molecules were barely removed.

Zhengong Tong

Study on Modelling of Site Quality Evaluation and Its Dynamic Update Technology for Plantation Forests

Differential site index models were constructed using both the algebraic difference approach (ADA) and the generalized algebraic difference approach (GADA) in this study to evaluate the site quality of forest land without the site index table. Data related to China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) were selected to fit the differential site index models and then the optimal model was chosen. The optimal model was determined using an accuracy test and residual analysis, and then the dynamic update technique of the optimal model was studied by MATLAB and .NET. The results showed that Richards’ differential site index model (SI = 19.171 × (Ht /19.171)ln(1-exp(-0.067×20))/ln(1-exp(-0.067 At))) had the best prediction performance. The ADA and GADA could be used to evaluate site quality without the site index table and the differential site index model could provide prompt dynamic updates.

Yanrong Guo, Yanyun Han, Baoguo Wu and Yang Liu

Environment Protection Evaluation of 30 Provinces in China Using Gray Relational Analysis

This paper evaluates the environment protection level of 30 Provinces in China using grey relational analysis based on 10 indicators which can be divided into 3 groups: waste discharge, environmental remediation and resource utilization. Evaluation has been done on both integrated and separate according to 3 kinds of indicators. Result shows that the best provinces in environment protection are Zhejiang, Tianjin and Beijing while the worst provinces are Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang. The level of environment protection in the eastern coastal areas is relatively higher, and the level of environmental protection in northwest regions is relatively low. Provinces that have higher GDP per capita are likely to have higher environment protection, and vice versa. Most provinces are unbalanced in the 3 aspects and few provinces managed a full range environment protection. Cities are found to be better in waste discharge and resource utilization while resource-based provinces are on the contrary.

Lang Wang, Qier An and Jinghua Sha

Research on the Return Water Flow Velocity of a Water Source Heat Pump System

The water temperature field of the lake water source heat pump air-conditioner system in Guilin Ronghu is simulated in this paper basing on the numerical simulation software of CFD. The effects of the return water velocity are discussed. The paper comes to the conclusions that the effect of the return water’s velocity on the influenced lake water area and the temperature field is great, and using the suitable return water’s velocity can reduce the disadvantageous to ecological environment.

Fei Liu, Dongliang Zhang and Guangliang Zhuang

Study on the Eco-Control System of Sustainable Expressway Landscape

With the quick urbanization and rapid economic globalization, expressway, as the most important portion of the highway networks, has been developed at an astonishing speed, which brought on increasingly severe ecological environmental problems although contribution greatly to human. Therefore, it is necessary how to promote economic development and at the same time to control the negative impact of expressway, which means it should be a sustainable expressway landscape, an expressway with human and nature in harmony. In this paper, the characteristics and the faced changes of a sustainable expressway landscape have been analysed. The eco-control system for the sustainable expressway landscape was constructed including both the theory control system and the technology one, adopting ecology, landscape, planning, cybernetics and related expressway theory to a whole new theory guiding the control process. It is an integration among the series of engineering technologies, the methods and guarantee of a sustainable expressway landscape. The technology control is in three layers, i.e., master control from two sides of planning and key nodes, subsection control mainly for the detailed expressway attribute of inside and outside elements, management control crossing the whole living process cycle of expressway. The eco-control system of sustainable expressway landscape would be implemented from three scales: macro-planning control, meso-design control and micro-engineering and technical control.

Leichang Huang*, Fucun Cao*, Shilin Shen*, Ying Chen** and Xun Gu

Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Agricultural Purposes in Vamanapuram River Basin, South Kerala, India

Groundwater quality determination is essential for assessing its suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes. In the present study 104 open well water samples were collected during both pre and post-monsoon seasons to evaluate the groundwater quality of Vamanapuram river basin. Samples were analysed for different physico-chemical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, salinity, Na+, K+, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, PO43- and HCO3- following standard procedures. The acquired values were compared with BIS standards to recognize their aptness for domestic use. From the Piper plot dominant hydrochemical facies identified is Na-Cl for both seasons. Alkalies (Na and K) exceed alkaline earths (Ca and Mg) and strong acids (Cl and SO4) exceed weak acid (HCO3) in both seasons. To determine the suitability of water for agricultural use, chemical indices like sodium adsorption ratio, percent sodium, residual sodium carbonate and permeability index were calculated. RSC and PI have revealed that all samples are safe for irrigation. As per Wilcox’s diagram and USSL classification, majority of samples are suitable for irrigation except those from the coastal area of Anchuthengu which is unsuitable for drinking as well as irrigation purpose.

Veena M. Nair and R. B. Binoj Kumar

The Effect of Selenium on the Blood Radioimmunological Indexes Induced by High Dose of Fluorine

Endemic fluorosis is prevalent in China, which can seriously impair the bones, teeth and cardiovascular system. The study was intended to explore antagonism of selenium (Se) on high dose fluorine (F) inducing plasma 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1a,Thromboxane B2 and Endothelin-1. Twenty male rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: High F group (NaF,100mg/L), Se group (Na2SeO3,1mg/L), High F + Se group (NaF,100mg/L; Na2SeO3,1mg/L) and Control group (without fluorine and selenium). The ear vein blood was collected for measurement of serum selenium and fluorine at the end of 0, 3rd and 6th months. At the end of 6th months, plasma 6-Keto-prostaglandinF1a (6-K-P), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and Endothelin-1 (ET-1) were detected. Serum fluorine was increased in high F group and serum Se was increased in Se group. Plasma 6-K-P was decreased, while the plasma TXB2 and ET-1 increased with the development of fluorosis. Compared with the high F group, the plasma 6-K-P was higher (p<0.01), whereas plasma TXB2 and ET-1 were lower (p<0.01) in high F + Se group. The interaction showed that there was a significant antagonistic action of Se on decreased 6-K-P and increased TXB2 induced by high dose fluorine. Our study showed that the Se may antagonize the adverse effects of high F.

Jiayong Zou, Xinying Lin, Jianchao Bian, Qiuli Zhu, Xiaoyan Zou

Impact Analysis on the Energy-Saving and Land-Saving Properties of Green Buildings with Different Per Capita Floor Space of Residential Buildings

China has published “Green Building Action Plan”. Developing green building is necessary to shift urbanization mode in China. “China Evaluation Standard for Green Building” has set per capita residential land index as the prerequisite for residential buildings. Absolutely, per capita residential land index depends deeply on per capita floor space of residential building. In China, national and local “Evaluation Standard for Green Building” raise demands of per capita residential land index. According to those requirements, this paper conducted a case study and calculated changes of residential construction land area with different set values of per capita floor space of residential building. This paper also built a residential building model and utilized simulation to analyse annual building energy consumption. Results indicate that per capita floor space of residential building decreases accordingly while per capita residential land index reduces, and every 5% increase in per capita residential land index translates into about 7 percent decrease in construction land area. On the aspect of energy consumption, per capita floor space of residential building reduces 17.2% only. While annual energy consumption reduces 17.45% in return. It is concluded that controlling per capita floor space of residential building is important to maintain the energy-saving and land-saving properties of green building.

He Yueer, Peng Shini and Liu Meng

Studies on Potential Water Resources Crisis Based on STIRPAT Model: A Case from Zhejiang in China

Zhejiang province in China is confronting with pressing problems for how to rationally develop and sustainably use water resources. Due to the large population base, water resource per capita in Zhejiang is not plentiful, although it is a place abundant in water. As in the 2011, water resource per capita in Zhejiang province is 1,362 m3. In view of this, Zhejiang province should be regarded as an area of moderate water shortage. The paper introduces the STIRPAT model to describe and further explore linkages between water consumption and population as well as other socio-economic factors to select out major ones affecting water resources consumption for 11 prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang province. Based on the empirical results, paper tries to propose suggestions for long-term water management in Zhejiang province.

Liange Zhao, Jie Lin and Xueyuan Wang

Modelling of Grey Differential Model of River Water Pollution and its Application

Based on the grey theory, grey characters of river environment system were analyzed. The velocity and dispersion coefficient and attenuation in river were considered as uncertainty parameters and expressed as grey parameters. A grey differential equation of contaminant diffusion in river was built. And the equation has special structure. The truncation error of finite differential method in solving the model was corrected. According to the model, distribution values of pollutant concentration under sudden pollutant discharge can be obtained directly, which can provide abundant and useful water quality information for the plan and control of water pollution. It is shown that the calculated results obtained from the grey model are reliable and reasonable.

Changjun Zhu and Wenlong Hao

Acute Toxicity and Behavioural Changes in Channa punctatus (Bloch) Exposed to Rogor (An Organophosphorus Pesticide)

Rogor is a commonly used pesticide in the agricultural field. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the lethal toxicity of Rogor, an organophosphorus pesticide, in freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) and relative behavioural changes after exposing for 96 hours. The regression equation calculated as y = 9.551x + 6.173 and the LC50 value calculated for Channa punctatus was at 0.75 mL/L. During exposure, fish showed faster opercular activity, erecting dorsal and ventral fin, huge secretion of mucus from whole body, etc.

D. Sarma, J. Das and A. Dutta

Research of Urban Thermal Environment Based on Digital Technologies

Digital simulation is a fast, effective and economical research method. Compared to traditional research method, it can not only save a lot of manpower and material resources but also can fill the blank of traditional research. In this research, we simulate Shanghai’s thermal environment in July under typical afternoon working conditions by the comprehensive application of Ecotect software and CFD software. The research enhances our understanding of the distribution and cause of “urban heat island effect”, and the climatic factors (wind velocity, temperature, solar radiation, atmospheric pressure, etc.) that are closely related to urban thermal environment.

Li Yang

Study on Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Fe-Mn-Zn Trimetal Oxide Modified Fly Ash

In this work the adsorption of phosphate using the Fe-Mn-Zn trimetal oxide modified fly ash was studied. The experimental results showed that the absorbent could effectively remove phosphate in the pH range 4 to 9 and the maximum phosphate adsorption was at pH 8.0. Kinetic study showed that the phosphate adsorption was well described by pseudo-second-order model. The removal efficiency of phosphate increased with the increase of adsorbent dosage and the decrease of the initial concentration. The adsorption of phosphate could be well described by Langmuir isotherm, the Langmuir constant Q0 was 19.22mg/g. Comparative phosphate adsorption study of the untreated fly ash and the modified fly ash showed that modification with Fe-Mn-Zn trimetal oxide could significantly enhance the phosphate adsorption of the fly ash. The Fe-Mn-Zn trimetal oxide modified fly ash was a potential adsorbent for the removal of phosphate from aqueous systems.

Ke Xu, Tong Deng, Chunguang Li, Junling Niu, Juntan Liu and Weigong Peng

Enterprise’s Strategy Choice with Environmental Constraints

People and the government’s demands for enterprise’s environmental protection have become more and more strict. Enterprise faces a risk of environmental protection. Environmental constraints have become important factors which must be considered in enterprise strategic management planning. This paper elaborates the relationship between environmental regulation and the competitiveness of enterprise, expounds the factors which influence enterprise’s environmental strategy choice. It analyses the influence on enterprise competitiveness while enterprise adopts different environmental management strategies, and proposes different enterprise’s strategic choice countermeasures with environmental constraints.

Chunjie Yu and Fengjun An

Investigation on the Effects of Conventional Fossil Fuel to the Environment and Research on Renewable Fuels with Reduced Emission Using Biodiesel, Diethyl Ether and Hydrogen

The present world inevitably depends on conventional fossil fuel for a range of utilities like industrial production, electricity generation, transportation and domestic purposes. Regardless of its increased demand, the non renewable fuel resources are diminishing at an alarming rate. The environmental pollution effect of conventional diesel is frightening. The pollution effect of diesel begins from its production and lasts till its exhausts after combustion. The research work is carried on to find a suitable renewable fuel with reduced emissions as a substitute for downsized fossil fuels. The combination of Pongamia pinnata biodiesel and hydrogen is tested in experimental set up of CI engine with AVL gas analyser. The emission parameters like NOx, HC, CO and CO2 are measured. The experimental study analysis is made for various fuel combinations of hydrogen, Pongamia pinnata biodiesel and DEE comparing with conventional diesel. The emission reduction technique EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) is implemented and results are compared.

C. Jegadheesan, P. Somasundaram, B. Meenakshipriya and U. P. Vignesh

A Convergent Analysis on Economic Growth of Industrial Sector and Strength of Environmental Regulation

With the increasingly urgency of the environmental problems, researches on this field have become hot spot. However, there are a few scholar studies on the convergence in intensity of environmental regulation and the relationship between the differences of GDP per worker and those of intensity of environmental regulation. Based on this reason, this paper studied above issues by the panel data of industrial sectors of each province in China during 2000-2011, and got conclusions as follows: (1) Among the national group and four individual groups, only some groups existed absolute convergence in the two indexes of GDP per worker and the intensity of environmental regulation, but conditional convergence of the two indexes was existed in all groups. Specific to the convergence speed, the high-yield low-emission group per worker (group I) was slower than the high-yield high-emission group per worker (group II), the low-yield low-emission group per worker (group III) and the low-yield high-emission group per worker (group IV). (2) While the chasing group narrowed the gap in GDP per worker with group I, it was also narrowing the gap in the intensity of environmental regulation, but the convergence speed of the latter is slower than the former. However, the specific situations of the chasing group in 19 provinces are all different; there are four tendencies that are strong convergence, weak convergence, strong divergence and weak divergence.

Zhang Cheng, Guo Bing-nan, Zhao Chun-ling, Zhang Yun-feng and Wang Jun

Preparation for Nano-titania Catalyst and Its Application for Benzene Decomposition

In the experiment, nano-titania film was prepared by sol-gel method. The raw materials and experimental conditions were optimized for preparing TiO2 thin film. We draw the conclusion as follows: n[Eth]:n[Ti(OBu)4] = 18(Mole ratio), n[AcAc]:n[Ti(OBu)4] = 1.2(Mole ratio), n[H2O]:n[Ti(OBu)4] = 2.5 (Mole ratio), pH = 3~5, hydrolysable temperature = 25~35°C, and heat treatment temperature = 450°C. Then the photocatalysts were packed into nonthermal plasma reactor, and a synergistic control experiment for benzene decomposition was carried out, that is, nano-titania photocatalyst with nonthermal plasma. The results show that benzene removal efficiency has an order of “with anatase photocatalyst in the plasma reactor > the mixture photocatalyst of anatase and rutileat > rutileat photocatalyst”, and the effect of degradation was visible by added photocatalyst in the plasma reactor. When concentration of benzene was 1500 mg/m3 and voltage was 30 kV, the removal efficiency was increased 19% higher with photocatalyst than without photocatalyst. Obviously, the synergistic effect of nano-TiO2 catalyst and non-thermal plasma is very effective for benzene decomposition.

Tao Zhu, Ling Lu, Yazhong Dai, Jinlan Zhou, Hanxiang Shi, Yuezhan Shi, Yurong Liu and Changsheng Liu

Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in Banasthali Village, District Tonk, Rajasthan

A study on variation in groundwater quality in Banasthali village of District Tonk in Rajasthan was conducted. Sampling in pre monsoon of 2011 and 2012 at 10 selected locations from running tube wells and hand pumps was carried out and the samples were analysed for their physico-chemical characteristics. Analysis results were compared with BIS, WHO and ICMR standards of drinking water quality parameters like EC, pH, TDS, Na+, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, Cl-, SO4-2, total alkalinity, NO3- and F-. The usefulness of these parameters in predicting groundwater quality characteristics has been discussed and it was found that the area under study was badly affected by salinity as well as hardness and fluoride contents. Higher values of RSC and SAR make the groundwater unfit for irrigation purposes. In this study, some important physico-chemical parameters of groundwater of the area were evaluated for the criteria of drinking and irrigation water quality.

Kailash C. Sharma and Mithlesh Agrawal

Water Quality Analysis in Jining City Using Clustering Methods

According to the existing water quality monitoring data from the monitoring sites in Jining city, the clustering analysis method of mathematical statistical analysis is employed to analyse and evaluate the water quality of Jining city. First of all, by using the statistical software SPSS, we aggregate and classify the monitoring sites; at the same time, the water quality objectives are aggregated and classified and the main water pollution indicators are selected. Finally we made a preliminary assessment of water quality situation in Jining city.

Yunxin Zhang and Changjun Zhu

Studies on Molecular Distillation Disposal of Petrochemical Hazardous Wastes

In this paper, heavy residual oil and distillation residues of hazardous wastes are researched with molecular distillation separation reduction technology. The separation experiments were conducted at the condition of pressure of 15 Pa and the temperature of 260°C. Under the conditions, more than 20% heavy fractions can be recycled which can be the catalytic cracking raw material sources. The properties of residual oil, such as viscosity, density, carbon residue, sulphur content and other technical indicators are also analysed. There are very practical significance of molecular distillation technology in the recovery of high boiling point organic waste.

Zhong Jun Fu, Feng Song, Run Sun and Hong Wang

Aeromycological Investigations in the Ambient Air Over Some Crop Fields in Context to Pathogenic and Allergenic Fungal Bioaerosols

Aeromycological investigations were conducted with the help of continuous volumetric Tilak air sampler over jowar, wheat and groundnut fields which gave continuous air sampling for fungal bioaerosols for three consecutive Rabi seasons. Altogether 46 bioaerosols were trapped in the sampler over jowar fields of which 20 types (74.4%) were pathogenic and 25 types (81.5%) were allergenic in nature. Similarly 50 bioaerosols were recorded over wheat fields of which 21 types (71.7%) were pathogenic and 25 types (85.8%) were allergenic. In the atmosphere over groundnut fields 47 bioaerosols were recorded of which 21 types (71.6%) were pathogenic and 26 types (81.9%) were allergenic in nature. From these three different crop fields total 30 types of bioaerosols were recorded of which 27 belonged to fungal spore types while remaining three types belonged to other types. Though more bioaerosols were encountered, but this paper reports only pathogenic and allergenic bioaerosols.

Avinash V. Karne

Vague Reservoir Water Quality Evaluation Method Based on Distance

This paper provides the distance-based vague set pattern recognition method for research on water quality evaluation problems using the new formula of the distance between vague sets, and shows with examples that this method not only is simple in calculation, but also provides the results following the practical situation.

Feng Hao, Hongxu Wang and Fujin Zhang

Starch Metabolism During Leaf Senescence in Two Rice Varieties on Exposure to Aluminium

Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important food crop in India as well as in other Asian countries. It is well known that compounds of heavy metals are known to harm land plants, and plant parts and aluminium is one such an element causing toxic effects in plants particularly in plant growing in marshy and acidic soils. Senescence is characterized by the results of many sequential molecular events and these are influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. The present study was carried out systematically on the toxic effects of aluminium in the detached rice leaves during leaf senescence with reference to starch metabolism and its associated enzymes. In our study reducing and non-reducing sugars were increased and starch content decreased. Significant increases were observed in reducing and non-reducing sugars and their associated enzymes such as starch phosphorylase and sucrose synthase in both Aduthurai 43 (ADT-43) and Pro Agro 6129 (PA 6129) varieties and decreased activity of a-amylase was observed with the increasing periods of exposure and increasing concentration of aluminium in leaves of rice varieties in detached leaves during leaf senescence. However, the shifts in the non-reducing sugars were greater in ADT 43, when compared to PA 6129. The shifted carbon partitioning from non-soluble carbohydrate to soluble carbohydrates significantly contributed to osmotic adjustment in ADT 43 and it indicates that it is tolerant to aluminium toxicity.

M. Muthukumaran and A. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao

Geochemical Assessment of Groundwater Along Thandava River Basin, Andhra Pradesh, India

Groundwaters under the influence of the river basin and of the reservoir sources undergo vibrant fluctuations due to various geochemical and geophysical characteristics along with seasonal impacts. To understand these influences, a geochemical assessment was made to reveal the groundwater quality and other geophysical characteristics. 117 water samples were interpreted for two seasons along the Thandava River basin. All the major cations, anions along with physical characteristics were assessed. The correlation of geophysical and geochemical parameters revealed the factors controlling the groundwater quality along the basin and in and around the reservoir. An in-depth assessment was also made for the geochemical evolution and flow pattern of the groundwater to understand the geomorphology of the basin and for the recommendations to be made for the safeguard of this natural resource unaffected from various anthropogenic activities in and around the basin and the reservoir.

K. Krishna Kumar, Y. Israel and P. Sowjanya

The Impact of Monochromatic Light on the Growth and Pigment Production of Cladophora crispata (Chlorophyceae)

The effect of monochromatic light, red, yellow, green and blue has been studied on the cultures of Cladophora crispata against white and total darkness with reference to the growth, morphological variation and pigment changes. Maximum growth was observed under white light. Red light favoured the growth while blue light and darkness retarded totally its growth.

K . Lalitha Kumari, T. Malathi, D. Snehalatha, T. Aseervadam and B. Digamber Rao

Effect of Environmental Acidic pH on Oxygen Consumption of Fish, Cyprinus carpio (L.)

The present study was aimed to investigate the total oxygen consumption of freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio during exposure and acclimation to sublethal acidic pH (5.0) medium. The oxygen consumption of fish significantly depleted in all the days of exposure to sublethal acidic pH 5.0 starting from first day to fourteen days of exposure. The rate of total oxygen consumption depletion was higher on first day. From the second day onwards a gradual decreasing trend was observed in the depletion up to 14th day of exposure. The unit oxygen consumption of fish on exposure to sub-lethal pH medium exhibited significant depletion when compared to control. The rate of depletion was maximum in the initial days of exposure and was reduced gradually in twelfth and fourteenth day of exposure. But, at day 14th not significant decrease was observed in both the parameters of the experimentation. This observation indicates that the fish was capable of regulating their metabolic modulations and physiological functions through acclimation process to be the possible reason for the successful survival of fish in acidifying water. The reduced oxygen consumption of fish on exposure to sublethal acidic medium confirms the prevalence of hypoxic condition in the surrounding medium.

U. Srineetha, M. Venkata Reddy and M. Bhaskar

Carbon Sequestration in the Standing Trees at Campus of Shivaji University, Kolhapur

Trees remove atmospheric carbon through photosynthesis, that stores a tremendous amount of carbon in their structures. They act as a major CO2 sink which captures carbon from the atmosphere and stores it in the form of fixed biomass. Therefore, growing trees in the urban areas having a potential role regarding the accumulation of atmospheric CO2 in the form of biomass. Thus, the present investigation was carried out to calculate the carbon sequestration of 38 standing tree species in Shivaji University campus. The biomass and total organic carbon of standing trees is estimated by the non destructive method. The population of Gliricidia maculate is more in the university campus but it sequestrates the carbon in very less amount (0.329 tones/year) while the Ficus racemosa species sequestrated more carbon (65.367 tones/year).

Kanchan Dubal, Pradnya Ghorpade, Meena Dongare and Sachin Patil

Investigation on the Bioremediation of Metal Pollution of Water and Soil Environment in Yongding River

The Yongding River is the mother river of Beijing. However, due to the environmental pollution caused by economic development, the water and coastal environment of this river has suffered from great destruction. The ecological restoration of the Yongding River is imperative. Phytoremediation and microbial remediation have made certain achievements in the aspect of river pollution control, but both have their own advantages and disadvantages. How to make best use of their respective advantages depends on the collocation and combination of plants and microbes. Based on field research and former literature, we proposed the method of plant-microbe associated bioremediation to restore the water environment and remove heavy metal pollution in soil of the Yongding River. This attempt provides new ideas and methods for the restoration of the ecological environment of the Yongding River.

Long Rishang, Men Baohui, Zhao Yawei, Wang Anze, Hu Sha and Wu Shuaijin